Declension stands for different forms of nouns etc. in various cases. It applies to nouns, adjectives and pronouns.
Main declension types of nouns
case ma-nouns mi-nouns n-nouns a-nouns i-nouns nom.sg. - - -œ -a - acc.sg. -a -u dat.sg. -u (+)i -i gen.sg./dual -a -e -i ins.sg. -œm -om -i, -’ju voc.sg. -#e, -u -œ -o (-e) -i nom./voc.pl. -[œv]+i -a -e -i acc.pl. -[œv]e dat./ins.pl. -[œv]+ima -ima -ama -ima gen.pl. -[œv]a -a -a -i
The longer plural [œv] is added to most masculine one-syllable words, with some notable exceptions: dan "day", päs "dog", prst "finger", sat (when used in meaning "hour"), zub "tooth".
An ä in the last syllable in nom. sg. disappears in all other cases except in the gen.pl. It can also "appear out of nowhere" in words with consonant clusters like pismo nom.sg — pisäma gen.pl.
Minor declension types on nouns
• Minor types of n-nouns
nom./voc.sg. im-e už-e podn-e čud-o acc.sg. dat.sg. im-en-u už-et-u podn-ev-u čud-u gen.sg./dual im-en-a už-et-a podn-ev-a čud-a ins.sg. im-en-om už-et-om podn-ev-om čud-om nom./voc.pl. im-en-a už-et-a podn-ev-a čud-es-a / čud-a acc.pl. dat./ins.pl. im-en-ima už-et-ima podn-ev-ima čud-es-ima / čud-ima gen.pl. im-en-a už-et-a podn-ev-a čud-es-a / čud-a
• 'Habitant' ma nouns on -in
nom.sg. Srb-in acc.sg. Srb-in-a dat.sg. Srb-in-u gen.sg./dual Srb-in-a ins.sg. Srb-in-om voc.sg. Srb-in-e nom./voc.pl. Srb-i acc.pl. Srb-e dat./ins.pl. Srb-ima gen.pl. Srb-a
Adjectives
• The common pattern
case ma mi n f nom./voc.sg. -, -i -, -i -œ -a acc.sg. -œg(a) -u dat.sg. -œm(u), -ome -oj gen.sg. -œg(a) -e ins.sg. -im -om dual (2-4) -a -e nom./voc.pl. -i -a -e acc.pl. -e dat./ins.pl. -im gen.pl. -ih An ä in the last syllable in nom. sg. disappears in all other cases. Some adjectives have always -i in nom. sg. m.
• moj-like words
case ma mi n f nom./voc.sg. moj moj moje moja acc.sg. mojeg(a), mog(a) moju dat.sg. mojem(u), mom(u) mojoj gen.sg. mojeg(a), mog(a) moje ins.sg. mojim mojom The dual and plural are formed according to the common adjective pattern. In the same way, one constructs the case forms for tvoj and svoj.
• Demonstratives
case ma mi n f nom./voc.sg. taj (!) taj (!) to ta acc.sg. tog, toga tu dat.sg. tom, tome, tomu toj gen.sg. tog, toga te ins.sg. tim tom The dual and plural are formed according to the common adjective pattern. In the same way, one constructs the case forms for ovaj and onaj.
Personal pronouns
case 1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd n 3rd f reflexive nom.sg. ja ti on ono ona — acc.sg. mene / me tebe / te njega / ga nju / ju, je sebe / se gen.sg. nje / je dat.sg. meni / mi tebi / ti njemu / mu njoj / joj sebi / si ins.sg. mnom tobom njim njom sobom nom.pl. mi vi oni ona one
same
as
sg.!acc./gen.pl. nas / nas vas / vas njih / ih dat./ins.pl. nama / nam vama / vam njima / im
Question-words tko and što
case persons non-persons nom. tko što acc. koga (kog) dat. kome, komu čemu gen. koga čega (čeg) ins. kim, kime čim, čime
No comments:
Post a Comment