There is much variation in some details of the grammar of NW Čakavian I have described. First, in some dialects long e is pronounced (and written) as ie, and long o as uo.
In most čakavian dialects there's a slightly modified table of case endings. The most common is:
[under construction!]
case ma-nouns mi-nouns n-nouns a-nouns i-nouns nom.sg. - - -œ -a - acc.sg. -a -u dat.sg. -u -i -i gen.sg. -a -ē -i ins.sg. -œn -ūn -i loc.sg. -ë -i nom. pl. -i -a -e, -i -i acc. pl. -e -i, -e dat. pl. -on -an -in, -an gen.pl. -, -ov, -i -, -i -ih ins.pl. -i -ami -ami loc.pl. -īh -ah -ah, -ih
In all čakavian dialects east of Rijeka, on the island of Krk, and all islands south of it, inland in Lika, Gorski kotar, in parts of Istria, and in Austrian Burgenland (refugees went there some 500 years ago or so), there's i in some words for 'yat', and e in others (the rule that governs it is called Meyer-Jakubinskij law). For instance:
[under constuction]Such dialects with the e/i mix are called Central Čakavian. An excellent example is a song called Vilo moja, performed by many:
[under construction, please be patient...]
Skoro saki put
Kad se mi pogjedamo
Ti i ne odzdraviš
Ko da se ne poznamo
A da mi te j sebi zvat
Kad ćeš zaspat
Prvo sna da ti rečen
Da volin te još
Vilo moja
Ti si moj san, ti si moj san
A lagje bilo bi
Da si tuja mi
Da te ne poznan, da te ne znanAlmost every time
When we look at each other
You even don't return greetings
As if we don't know each other
...
When will you fall asleep
To tell you before the dream
That I love you still
...
You are my dream
And it would be easier
if you were unknown to me
...(Vlasta Juretić)
Updated 2013-01-21
4 comments:
Thank you so much for your ča/Čakavian explanations! I moved from Croatia to America when I was 7, and while I have continued to study at the university in Zagreb during summers, it is often difficult for me to transition into my extended family and old friends' ča from the now more familiar kaj. I have never seen a more technical and well-written free resource for Croatian dialects; it is much appreciated.
-Larisa
Thanks, this needs much more work. I need to draw maps, review all tables, put in more examples etc etc. Please point out what you would like to see here and of course any mistakes you spot.
Where are you from?
lp Daniel
Regarding the i/e yat variatian in this dialect, the Jakubinskij's law explains it quite well. Perhaps you've already heard of it or even written about it in this blog. Thought I'd try to help out and offer the info just the same :-)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyer-Jakubinskij%27s_law
Yes, of course I know about it. But it's too complex, it will just puzzle the reader. This is not intended for linguists. However, you are right, I will mention it and give a link. br Daniel
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